In 2022/23, more than 10,700 vasectomies were performed across NHS services in the UK, an increase of 25% compared to the previous year. This contraceptive method is a safe one, which is the reason increasingly popular among men who want to take charge of their reproductive health.
Whether you’re considering it yourself or supporting a partner through the decision, understanding what a vasectomy involves is essential. In this article, we’ll cover everything you need to know.
Contents
What is a vasectomy?
A vasectomy is a simple surgical procedure that cuts or seals the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. As a result, sperm can no longer mix with semen, which means ejaculation no longer causes pregnancy.
The benefits of a vasectomy include its high effectiveness, low risk of complications, and that it doesn’t affect sexual performance or testosterone levels. It’s a one-time procedure with long-term results.
However, there are drawbacks. It’s considered a permanent form of male birth control, so it’s not ideal for those who may want children in the future. Some men also experience regret, especially if circumstances change.
How does a vasectomy work?
Biologically, a vasectomy blocks sperm from mixing with semen by severing or sealing the vas deferens on each side of the scrotum. The testicles continue to produce sperm, but the sperm are absorbed by the body instead of being ejaculated. Hormone production, including testosterone, remains unaffected, and semen looks and feels the same, just without sperm.
Vasectomy reversal: Is it possible?
While vasectomy is considered permanent, reversal is sometimes possible through a microsurgical procedure called a vasovasostomy. This reconnects the severed ends of the vas deferens.
The reversal procedure is more complex and delicate than the original vasectomy, requiring general anaesthesia and a longer recovery period. It’s not always guaranteed to be successful, and even when sperm returns to the semen, natural conception isn’t assured. In some cases, assisted reproductive techniques like IVF may still be necessary.
So, is vasectomy reversible? Yes, vasectomy can be reversed in many cases, but it’s not guaranteed. The success of reversal surgery depends on several factors, including the time since the original vasectomy, the technique used, and the overall fertility health of both partners.
Vasectomy reversal success rate
Success depends on several factors, such as how long ago the vasectomy was done and the age and fertility of both partners. Rates vary from 30% to over 90%, with the best chances within the first 10 years post-vasectomy.
Pregnant after husband had vasectomy 10 years ago: why it happens?
Although rare, pregnancies can occur after a vasectomy. Reasons include incomplete closure of the vas deferens, spontaneous reconnection (recanalisation), or errors during the original procedure. It’s crucial to confirm sterility through post-vasectomy semen analysis.
Vasectomy procedure: what to expect
The procedure usually takes 10–30 minutes and is often done under local anaesthetic. Most men experience minimal discomfort. There are two main types: the conventional method (with small incisions) and the no-scalpel technique (less invasive).
Vasectomy side effects
Common side effects include mild bruising, swelling, and discomfort for a few days. Rare complications include infection, granulomas (lumps caused by sperm leakage), or chronic pain. Most men recover without long-term issues.
Vasectomy recovery: your post-op timeline
Recovery is typically fast. You can return to work within a couple of days and resume normal activities after about a week. Doctors usually recommend wearing supportive underwear (like snug briefs) for a few days to reduce swelling. Applying ice packs to the scrotum during the first 48 hours can also ease discomfort and prevent inflammation.
You may be prescribed over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to manage any post-procedure soreness. Antibiotics are not routinely given unless there’s a sign of infection. It’s important to keep the area clean and dry for at least 24–48 hours and avoid heavy lifting or intense exercise for a week.
How long after a vasectomy can you have sex?
Sex can usually resume after about 7 days, but it’s important to use another form of contraception until a semen test confirms the absence of sperm, typically 8–12 weeks post-procedure.
What colour is sperm after vasectomy?
Semen usually looks the same after a vasectomy. It maintains its usual colour, texture, and volume, only sperm are missing.
Does vasectomy lower testosterone?
No. A vasectomy doesn’t affect testosterone levels, libido, or erections. Hormone production continues as normal.
Vasectomy on the NHS: how to get it
NHS vasectomy services are free but prioritised based on medical and personal criteria. The process usually starts with a GP referral.
How to book a vasectomy on the NHS
Speak to your GP, who will refer you to a local clinic or hospital. Some areas allow self-referral via online forms, depending on the local health trust.
Vasectomy NHS waiting list
Waiting times can vary by region. Some patients wait a few weeks; others may wait several months depending on availability and demand.
Private vasectomy: how much does it cost in the UK?
If you prefer to go private, vasectomy costs range from £400 to £700, depending on the clinic and whether you choose the no-scalpel method. These procedures are typically offered in private urology clinics, men’s health centres, and sexual health providers. Some larger private hospitals also offer vasectomy services with experienced consultants. Those private centres often offer quicker appointments and flexible scheduling.
Final thoughts: Is a vasectomy right for you?
Choosing a vasectomy is a personal decision that should be based on long-term goals, not short-term situations. It’s a safe, highly effective method of male contraception that gives men more control over their reproductive choices.
Speak with a medical professional to understand if it’s right for you, and make sure you’re informed about both the benefits and potential drawbacks. With the right mindset, a vasectomy can offer peace of mind and freedom from unintended pregnancies.
